![]() ![]() I don't think that branding has ever been a custom in that sorority, and if it had been a custom when I was active with that organization (in the late 1960s-a loooong time ago), I probably would have opted out of that choice. ![]() In the interest of full disclosure, I'm a member of a historically Black Greek letter sorority (Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc), although I've been inactive in that organization for decades. And those who do know about this custom, don't appear to be aware of the reasons people who are branded have given for getting a brand. One of my take away from reading these comments (and noting the photographs of some of the commenters) is that a number of Black commenters (as well as non-Black commenters) don't know about the custom in some BGLOs (especially the fraternities) of branding. One brand is usually on their chest near their heart, and/or on their forearm. is particularly known for many of its members having one or more brands. It has always been very rare for members of some BGLOs (particularly some sororities) to have brands. However, that custom has always been much more common in certain BGLOs. fraternities and sororities) may also have organizational brands. Members of PWI (predominately White institutions i.e. or members of other historically Black Greek letter organizations are the only fraternities or sororities to have brands. ![]() The content of this post is presented for folkloric, and cultural purposes.ĭISCLAIMER: This post is not meant to imply that members of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. In addition to that video, Part I includes selected comments from that video's discussion thread that documents critical comments and rebuttals about Black people joining Greek letter fraternities and sororities. Part II also includes some commentary about the Que marching that is shown in the video which is featured in this post.Part II provides some information about the custom of branding that occurs in some historically Black Greek fraternities and sororities.Ĭlick for Part I of this series. and in some other historically Black Greek letter organizations. In addition to that video, Part II also includes selected comments from that video's discussion thread that refer to the customs of branding and the custom of mean mugging in Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. This is Part II of two pancocojams series that showcaseS a 2008 video of members of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Women are more prone to osteoporosis after menopause as their bone density decreases dramatically. Bones: Estrogen plays an important role in maintaining bone density.10 Decreased levels of estrogen during menopause can cause thinning of the skin and hair loss. Skin: Estrogen increases the amount of collagen in the skin and promotes skin thickness.9 Modulating estrogen receptors in the brain can help reduce some of menopause’s mood symptoms. Mice without estrogen receptors display depression-like behavior. Brain: In the brain estrogen has an effect on neurons.19Įstrogen receptors are found all over the body: ![]() 8 By interacting with estrogen receptors, DIM may be helpful for menopausal symptoms. Depleted levels of estrogen result in the common symptoms of menopause:ĭIM has been shown to act selectively on estrogen receptors, which means that it only activates some estrogen receptors. However, during menopause, estrogen levels decrease as the ovaries stop responding to signals from the pituitary gland. DIM for Menopauseĭuring a normal menstrual cycle, levels of estrogen and progesterone normally oscillate between high and low levels. Hyperandrogenism can lead to symptoms such as hirsutism (increased facial hair growth), acne, and hair loss (androgenetic alopecia).īecause of DIM’s selective estrogen activation and antiandrogen effects, it may be helpful for PCOS symptoms. PCOS causes irregular menstrual periods, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism (too much testosterone and other male hormones). This may result in enlarged ovaries and a failure to release eggs regularly, impairing fertility. PCOS is also characterized by the formation of numerous small collections of fluid known as follicles around the ovaries. PCOS or polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormone disorder involving the sex hormones. Both are present in varying amounts in males and females. Sex hormones can be categorized into two basic categories, female hormones like estrogen and progesterone and male hormones like testosterone. The difference with DIM is that it supports clearer skin from the inside. There are many acne products on the market, from creams to facial scrubs, toners to acne soaps. 5 This effects may be helpful in decreasing sebum production in acne-prone men and women. 4ĭIM was found to have antiandrogen effects. They stimulate increased sebum production which contributes to acne. ![]() 3 Androgens (such as testosterone) are male hormones which occur in the bodies of men and women. While research has yet to determine a singular physiological cause for acne or why some are more predisposed to acne, there are a variety of factors that may contribute to acne, including genetics, your environment, and the food you eat.ĭIM is particularly beneficial for hormonal acne – the type which occurs during times of hormonal fluctuations, such as adolescence and menopause. 1ĭiindolylmethane (DIM) is a plant compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, Brussel sprouts, cabbage, and kale.ĭIM as the ability to interact with both estrogen and testosterone receptors and may help support hormonal balance. Hormonal imbalance contributes to problems such as acne, menopause/PCOS in women, and estrogen dominance in men and women. Research also shows promising anti-tumor activity of DIM. Women with PCOS often have hormonal imbalances that cause hirsutism (unwanted hair growth on the face and body) and acne. DIM benefits include supporting a healthy menopausal transition, promoting hormonal balance in those with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DIM has shown to have a number of health benefits. ![]() ![]() Probably the most important thing you can do is develop the habit of reading the Bible every day. ![]() We believe that there is a message from God and about God and His will for your life in the gospel of John. It's a simple way to begin making Bible reading part of your day. If you're looking to take a first step in reading God's Word, our 21-day Challenge is for you. IMPORTANT NOTE: This is a 21 day study guide that goes along with you reading your Bible in the Gospel of John a chapter a day. Gospel of John Study Guide - 21 Days Knowing God Better - Gospel of John In this 21 day study guide on Spiritual Maturity we answer questions like: How can you be spiritually strong? What is the meaning of spiritual development? What is the meaning of spiritual growth? How can I grow in my spiritual life?Ĥ. Therefore, we must always seek to progress in our spiritual lives otherwise, we will be spiritually declining. The waves of the world are too powerful the ungodly TV shows, the ungodly music, the depraved culture of this world are always seeking to push a believer backwards. If you are not progressing forward, then you are going backwards. Spiritual life has often been compared to walking upstream. What does it take to grow up and become spiritually mature? Why do some Christians not grow as they should? God's word presents steps we can take toward growth and spiritual maturity by this study guide. ![]() Steps to Spiritual Maturity Study Guide - 21 Days Answering the Question: How can I grow in my spiritual life? This Study guide is specifically designed for New Believers, it covers the basic of the Christian Faith and living a life honoring to God.ģ. There is a God shaped hole in our soul that can only be filled by having a relationship with the God who created us.Įvery one of us feels that need and that draw, and it's a longing that can't be filled by money, material possessions, success or anything else on this earth even religion cannot fill this void. Because God made us He has a purpose for each and every one of us and that purpose is to know and to worship Him. Steps For A New Christian Study Guide - 21 Days For those Learning about the christian faith. This course is sent once a day for 21 days.Ģ. Want to know the purpose of your life and what leads to true fulfillment. Are you searching for Answers? This study guide is for those that are curious or are searching. God's Simple Plan of Salvation is designed for those searching for life's questions, new to the Bible or are a New Christian. You may be wondering what life is all about, and if there is something more. We want to know the purpose of our life and what leads to true fulfillment. God's Simple Plan Of Salvation Study Guide - 21 Days Coming Soon - Sharing the Gospel and Personal Bible Studies.ġ. Encouraging Spiritual Devotionals - Daily.ħ. Steps to Spiritual Maturity Study Guide - 21 Days.ĥ. Steps for a New Christian Study Guide - 21 Days.ģ. God's Simple Plan of Salvation Study Guide - 21 Days.Ģ. Bible Study Guides that are relevant, engaging and life-changing - making your life better now, and giving you a real, solid hope. ![]() Deepen both your knowledge of the Bible and your relationship with Jesus. ![]() ![]() ![]() What follows is a brief description of some of the projects which are either ongoing or which have been completed recently in the group. Some of the more recent reviews and overviews of the subject are collected below. For example, metals are stable radicals, their complexes are coloured, they are centres of polarisable electron density and, of course, they are centres of reactivity. There are many reasons why one might want to include a metal in a liquid-crystalline structure, quite apart from natural curiosity. Not much happened then until the late 1970s with the discovery of the metal dithiolenes by Anne-Marie Giroud and Ulrich Mueller-Westerhoff, but in the mid 1980s, the field really started to take off. The earliest liquid crystal which contained a metal as an integral part of the structure was a diphenylmercury(II) compound reported in 1923 by Daniel Vorländer. Molecules that form lyotropic mesophases are disk-like (forming nematic and columnar phases), polymeric (forming nematic and hexagonal phases), or surfactant (forming cubic, hexagonal and lamellar phases). The other major classification of liquid crystals is the lyotropic family, where the order of the solid state is destroyed by the action of a solvent, typically, but not always, water. ![]() Calamitic mesogens show primarily nematic and smectic mesophases, while discotic mesogens show nematic and columnar mesophases. It is the low molar mass materials that concern us for most of this website and so it is of interest to know that they may be further and broadly sub-classified as calamitic (rod-like), discotic (disk-like) or polycatenar (see below) according to their shape. Thermotropic liquid crystals can be further classified into high molar mass (i.e. Thus, in thermotropic liquid crystals, it is the primary action of heat, driving temperature changes, which causes transitions to happen. Liquid crystals may be first classified according to the manner in which the order of the solid state is destroyed to form the different mesophases. Liquid Crystals - A simple classification Left Nematic mesophase of an organomanganese complex Right Smectic C phase of a polycatenar mesogenĬolumnar mesophase of a polycatenar mesogen. These are rather beautiful and some examples are shown below. As the phases are anisotropic, then they are birefringent and so viewed between crossed polarisers, characteristic interference patterns can be observed. One of the best parts of the subject is the characterisation of the different liquid crystal mesophases for which we use, as our main technique, polarised optical microscopy. Our interests in the field are in the broad area of synthesis and how the molecular structure relates to the observable phases formed and their properties, and our 'twist' is that many of the systems we investigate contain a metal atom as an integral part of the structure. Since that time, the interest in both applied and academic topics in liquid crystals has been substantial, witness the biennial International Conference which tends to attract around 800 participants. These materials had all of the correct properties for application in liquid crystal displays and they were commercialised by a British consortium. Liquid crystals were first identified in the mid-to-late 18th century, but interest in them really took off in the early 1970s when George Gray, at the University of Hull, discovered the cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals. As such, they are anisotropic fluids and it is this fact which has led to the great interest in, and applications of, these materials. Liquid crystals represent the fourth state of matter, being intermediate between the solid and liquid states. View external collaborators, current research group and former group members Materials Chemistry Introduction - Liquid Crystals ![]() ![]() ![]() Our daughter, Sloane Ava Simone Haggerty was born 2 months ago on May 29th. ![]() We just wanted to put out good music, directly to the people that have been here since the beginning. We didn’t want to do a big campaign or anything over the top with this. It’s where I’ve been the last year, through all the ups and downs. This is why “Growing up” felt like the right song to re-emerge with. When you try to escape yourself, life has an interesting way of creating situations that force you to come back. The other half is trying to figure out how to grow up myself. When I got back to the cabin the next day, Ryan had made a new beat that would eventually become the song you’re listening to. I was going back to the city once a week to attend a birthing class with Tricia. I was finally having fun in the studio for the first time in years. And I knew I had to change.ĥ months later we were recording in a remote cabin away from the density that is Seattle. When Tricia walked out of the bathroom, I knew. But in actuality the hypothetical “dad" version of me looked completely different than the man whose heart was beating out of his chest on the carpet, praying to a god or spirit I hadn’t talked to in months. I basically assumed that I'd have it all together. I held on to clear expectations of where I wanted be in my career, my age, my level of self-care, and my maturity. I’ve always had some make-believe image in my head of who I would be as a father. Scared of the process of staring at myself through a page and seeing someone that I wasn’t proud of. But I think back to that night: praying on the floor at 2am as Tricia went to the bathroom to take the pregnancy test I’d just purchased from Walgreens. It would make for a far more polished and respectable story. I wish that I could say that I was in a “better place” when I found out the news. ![]() ![]() Their AVCHD codec on the RX10 has similar mud issues to the Panasonic GH1 (when it first came onto the market in 2009). Panasonic also wisely stepped back from AVCHD as their high quality codec instead preferring to wrap H.264 in the far nicer Quicktime MOV file format. Now Panasonic have show how to do a consumer camera with regards to video.įor the same price as the RX10, the GH3 has no issues with codec break-up or mud at 1080/60p. The camera offers a lot of amazing stuff which we’ll come to at the moment and is an incredible shot getter.īut users will need to be aware of an unreliable AVCHD codec especially in 1080/60p/50p and some aliasing problems. And what an ability you have to get that shot with a lens like the Zeiss.īut when it is feeling grumpy, you may get back to your edit later to find you have to axe entire shots. When it feels like delivering a shot it will do so very well. Unfortunately it has a manic-depressive personality. With this camera Sony have made an all out attempt to get it right and pack in everything we need for video. The lens for example: a stunning Zeiss 8.5-73mm F2.8 (constant aperture) zoom, would be worth $10,000 on a 16mm cine camera.īut does the camera as a whole deliver a cinematic image? ![]() The Sony RX10 on paper is perfectly equipped to be a cinematic run & gun camera. The run & gun simplicity of Bolex Super 16mm cameras is timeless. Cadid footage of JFK on the election trail. Super 8 and Super 16 movie cameras took a free-roaming Henri-Cartier Bresson style to documentary filmmaking and “run & gun” for the first time (as early as the 1960’s). ![]() ![]() ![]() In the mean time, heres a vid and a few words INSTRUMENTS MADE FOR LOOPING LIVE Joining the Two Guitars. While there have been no direct announcements as of yet, we have done some poking around, digging through the crates, and sources suggest Apple’s new Spatial Audio and Lossless streaming will indeed be available to indies in the near future. This section of the site is still being developed. This is not a complete list of the most popular programs specially designed for this style of music: FlyLoops Looping Studio, Live Loop, Mobius, Ambiloop, Loopy Llama, SooperLooper, Augustus Loop. Vsts -Valhalla reverbs, Shimmer and delays are all great sources of feedback loops. Looping artists use a wide range of soft and electronic devices. I can't really seem to figure out how to make Augustus Loop do this, and the manual isn't helping me much. That should give you a good start in VCV Rack anyway. THis is what i want: start Recording loop 1, stop recording loop1, loop 1 plays continuously and recording DOES NOT CONTINUE, then using a single button, punch in and out to add multiple layers. sophisticated live looping hardware device Andrew Ostler, with his Augustus Loop. ![]() (If you're unfamiliar with the concept/genre of looping, pay a visit to Version 2 is now available For the complete list of new features see here. ![]() While we know it has partnered with big artists like Ariana Grande, Maroon 5, and Kacey Musgraves, among others, to bring the first 3D and hi-fi audio to its streaming service, what does this mean for the rest of us? After code hinting at the new service surfaced ahead of the official announcement from Apple, followed by, what was for some, confusion over what headphones/audio playback systems can actually support it, we immediately asked ourselves if these hi-fi audio deliverables would be available to indie artists as well. Omri Cohen did a tutorial about Valley Plateau Reverb module on YouTube and he made a looping delay/feedback set up patch to go with the video. Loopers Delight currently receives over a million hits a year now. Augustus Loop is an emulation of a tape-based delay effect, with some extra features to facilitate its use as a looping device. Apple’s recently announced Spatial Audio and Lossless audio formats for Apple Music are set to kick off next month. We have some new details today on Apple Lossless and Spatial Audio for indie artists. ![]() ![]() Language anyone wants to use for numerics. I personally can’t wait for other options. However, the Sphero Mini is new, and it looks like no one has released anythingĮlse. There are other interfaces available for other Sphero robots. My cat has no interest in it, no matter how it is moving around.ġ The interface I’ve been forced to use is the one provided by ![]() Unfortunately, the Sphero completely failed at my initial goal. However, it didn’t seem to complement the standard deviation well, only detecting that the robot was stuck in cases where the standard deviation measure already realized it. I’ve tried something that looked at the frequency of the oscillation by looking at the Fourier transform. I’d like to be able to reduce the amount of time the robot takes to realize that it’s stuck. This program manages to bounce around the room pretty well, but it is far from perfect. It can take a while for the robot to realize that it’s stuck, but it reliably will eventually. I found that I could pretty much eliminate the chance of “false positives” - turning around when the robot is not actually stuck. If the standard deviation goes above a certain value for a certain time period, it will turn the robot around.įor being pretty rudimentary, it actually works pretty well. I wrote some code that will continuously monitor the standard deviation. This is a measure of how “spread out” the histogram of the data is. I figured I could capture this behavior by looking at the standard deviation of the rotational velocity. Meanwhile, the stuck version has a much wider distribution of rotational velocities, and is rather bimodal. When the ball is rolling, the rotational velocity is concentrated around zero. If we look at a histogram of that data, as seen in the figure below, the difference is clear. Meanwhile, when moving, the robot’s rotational velocity generally hovers around zero, apart from some brief periods of movement. The robot is constantly rotating in some direction when stuck. Looking at the plot of the rotational velocity of the pitch, as seen in the figure below, we can also see that the frequency of oscillation when stuck is quite high. This was more useful because the amplitude of oscillation was much much greater when stuck than when rolling normally. Instead, I looked at the rotational velocity of the robot - i.e. The robot does the same thing while rolling, rocking back and forth, just not quite as fast and consistently. However, it might be hard to detect that reliably. ![]() You can clearly see the oscillation in the plot that you can see in the video. You can see a comparison of the pitch while rolling and while stuck in the figure below. I first looked at the pitch,the angle the robot makes with the horizontal along the direction of its travel. I collected a stream of data from the robot while it was moving normally and while it was stuck. The key thing I noticed was that the robot rocked back and forth when stuck Since I couldn’t find a way to modify the way collisions were detected, I had to come up with a way to do it myself. The robot will hit a wall and just keep going, completely oblivious to the fact that it hit a wall. That video shows typical behavior, running code that is mostly copied straight out of the documentation. Most of the time, the robot will hit a wall and just keep going into it, oblivious to the collision. There is a “collision detection” function, but unfortunately, it rarely detects collisions when they happen. Hit something, turn around in a random direction, and repeat. I decided to start with a program that would just go straight until it Might be able to make a halfway decent toy for my cat to play with while we’reĪt work. It can be programmed via a stripped down javascript interface If it starts tipping over, the motor will generally turn off automatically until the robot sits upright. The toy is programmed so that it will try to stay upright as the shell rotates around it. The robot inside the shell is weighted like a Weeble such that it will normally sit upright. It moves forward by turning the spherical shell with wheels that rest against it. The robot itself sits in a spherical shell, like the hamster’s ball. Mostly only responsible for sensors, bluetooth communication, and some basic tasks,Ī Sphero moves sort of like a hamster in a hamster ball. Most of the computation being done on the controlling device. It is controlled remotely via bluetooth, with ![]() That started designing rolling robots at a very opportune time for some choice This Christmas I got a Sphero Mini robot, a little plastic ball made by a company ![]() ![]() Suren S M on AsyncUtil - C# Helper class to run async methods as sync and vice-versa.Ryan on ASP.NET Core Server.MapPath equivalent.Clavell Clavell on ASP.NET Core Server.MapPath equivalent.When this happens, we can convert one or more Databases and/or all their Tables and/or all their table Columns into a specific Collation using the following sets of commands. However, there are some scenarios - for example when switching from MyISAM default to InnoDB default, or when moving a DB between different servers with different settings - where you need to normalize the Collation among multiple tables belonging to one (or more) Database(s). Illegal mix of collations (utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8_unicode_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation When working with MySQL database it's a good practice to use the same Collation on tables which we need to JOIN or UNION during FULL-TEXT and/or LIKE based searches, to avoid errors such as the following: A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set. In case you don't know what the term Collation actually stands for, you can get the proper definition from the official MySQL docs:Ī character set is a set of symbols and encodings. That same approach can be used if we need to convert all the tables to a specific Collation. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.A few months ago I wrote an article explaining how to convert all MySQL tables belonging to one or more Database(s) from MyISAM to InnoDB and vice-versa with a simple, yet effective CONCAT-based query. We hope that this EDUCBA information on “MySQL Collation” was beneficial to you. Instead, each character set can have one or more different collations. Some rules that need to be considered are: – Two character sets can’t have the same collation.The character set, and collations can be set at four levels, and they are at: – server level, database level, table level, and column level.MySQL collation is nothing but a set of rules used to compare the characters in a particular character set.Things that need to be put in mind from the above session: – STD_NAME VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci STD_NAME VARCHAR(20)CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE utf8_bin, How to set Character set and collation at Column Level? To alter the default setting of the character set and collate, use the below syntax: –ĬOLLATE utf8_bin How to Set Character Set and Collation at Table Level?ĬHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci If you want to set the character set and collation at the database level, we use the below syntax. ) How to set Character set and collation at Database Level? To alter the default setting of the character set and collate, use the below syntax: – ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME MODIFY You can either specify a character set and a collation for the column in the column’s definition of either CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement as follows: CREATE TABLE TEST_TABLE( If you want to set the character set and collation at table level, we use the below syntax.Ī column of type CHAR, VARCHAR, or TEXT can possess its own character set and collation, which can differ from the default character set and collation of the table. To alter the default setting of the character set and collate, use the below syntax: – ALTER TABLE TEST_TABLE(ĬOLLATE How to set Character set and collation at Column Level? If you want to set the character set and collation at table level, we use the below syntax. To alter the default setting of the character set and collate, use the below syntax: – ALTER DATABASEĬOLLATE How to set Character set and collation at Table Level? mysqld-character-set-server=ascii -collation-server=ascii_general_ci How to set Character set and collation at the Database Level? The default character set is “latin1” and the collation is “latin1_swedish_ci”. If you want to set the character set and collation at the server level, we use the below syntax. To get all collations for a given character set, you use the SHOW COLLATION statement as follows: SHOW COLLATION LIKE'ASCII%' How to set Character set and collation at the Server level? In the output, the _ci → case insensitive, _cs→case sensitive, and _bin → binary. Now let us see the character set and set the character set and collation, along with an example. Below is the syntax to check the collation: – SHOW COLLATION LIKE'' How does MySQL Collation work? ![]() ![]() ![]() In all, Fell was able to raise $141,725 which was almost three times the amount that the town of Peoria’s bid of $50,032. He pledged $9,000 worth of his own money and property with the promise of more in the future. He involved almost every male citizen of note which included David Davis, Ashael Gridley, William McCullough, Mishak Pike, Edwin Bakewell, Leonard Swett, Asa Moore, William Ward Orme, and William Major. This was to be signed by the “responsible citizens” of Bloomington who had donated land or money for the “Normal” school to be located in North Bloomington. Fell employed the help of his friend Abraham Lincoln, who was then a lawyer on the 8th Judicial Circuit, to draw up a form of bond or guaranty. Fell, a big believer in the worth of education, channeled his energy and money into the effort to get the new school located in Bloomington. On Februthe State of Illinois passed a bill creating the State Board of Education and directing them to locate and establish a normal school for the training of teachers. Perhaps one of Jesse Fell’s greatest contributions to McLean County was his role in bringing the Normal School (later named Illinois State Normal University) to the area. Fell also made several additions to Bloomington and founded the Town of Normal which had originally been known as North Bloomington… Through this new career he participated in the development of the towns of Clinton, Pontiac, Lexington, Towanda, LeRoy, El Paso, Larchwood, Decatur, Joliet, and Dwight. He sold his law practice to David Davis who had recently settled in Bloomington and entered the land speculation business. The next year, after practicing law for three years in Bloomington, Fell tired of the career altogether. In 1835 Fell was made an agent of the newly-chartered State Bank of Illinois, where he learned the mortgage business. It was here that Fell first met Lincoln who would become his close friend and political ally… In Vandalia he shared accommodations with John Todd Stuart and Abraham Lincoln, both Whig legislators from Sangamon County. Fell also spent the winter of 18 in Vandalia-then, Illinois’s state capital-successfully fighting the annexation of McLean County territory by neighboring counties. This position introduced him to the venture of buying and selling land which he enjoyed much more than being a teacher or a lawyer. In 1834 Fell was appointed as Commissioner of Schools of McLean County. Truthfully, however, Fell never fully embraced the law profession. ![]() He became Bloomington’s first and for a short time, only lawyer. Fell boarded with James Allin on the corner of East and Grove Streets. Bloomington, with a population of 180 people, had no resident clergyman, newspaper, or lawyer. ![]() ![]() In the spring of 1833 Fell moved to Bloomington. At the same time, Fell made stump speeches for the Whig Party which opposed President Andrew Jackson. There he studied law in the noted Stokeley and Marsh law firm and paid for his studies by completing office work and odd jobs around town. For a brief period of time he sold books in the Pittsburg area until he moved to Steubenville, Ohio in the spring of 1830. Instead, he attended a boarding school in Downington, where he studied under Joshua Hoopes, a leading botanist…In the fall of 1828 at the age of 20, Fell headed west with a small amount of money and what he could carry on his back. Having no interest in that path, Fell objected and his parents chose not to coerce him. Fell’s parents thought it best for him to become a tailor since he was not physically strong. “ Quaker practices at that time required every male member to learn a mechanical skill in addition to formal education. Jesse Weldon Fell was born in Pennsylvania to a family of the Quaker faith. It is likely that Rachel Fell was interested in natural history due to her father’s influence. Photo courtesy of the McLean County Museum of History In addition to Rachel, the family included Henry Clay Fell (1838-1927), William Brown Fell (1841-1841), Eliza Brown Fell Davis (1842-1900), Clara Vernon Fell Fyffe (1844-1916), Flora Maria Fell (1850-1855), Alice C. Fell was born on 6 April 1856 to Hester Vernon Brown Fell (1818-1906) and Jesse Weldon Fell (1808-1887) in Bloomington, Illinois. NCU seems to be the only herbarium curating fungal specimens collected by her. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium (NCU) has cataloged 10 fungal specimens collected by Rachel Milner Fell. ![]() |